Epizootic diseases causing considerable mortality in harbour seal populations have mainly been reported from the waters of the United Silicone Bong States and Europe.Such die-offs were largely attributable to viral infections.Several hundred individuals died from respiratory infections caused by Influenza A viruses at the coast of New England, USA,

Abstract Background The starry puffer fish (Arothron stellatus, Anonymous, 1798) is a poisonous tetradontidae fish inhabiting the Red sea.The skin constitutes an important defense against any external effects.The study aims to characterize the dorso-ventral skin of the juvenile and the adult starry puffer fish using light and scanning electron micr

Abstract Selecting appropriate defensive behaviours for threats approaching the space surrounding the body (peripersonal space, PPS) is crucial for survival.The extent of defensive PPS is measured by recording the hand-blink reflex (HBR), a subcortical defensive response.Higher-order cortical areas involved in PPS representation exert top-down modu